Banks’ country-by-country reporting

According to the Capital Requirements Directive IV of the European Union, all EU banking groups with a consolidated turnover above €750 million are required to publicly disclose tax payments, profits, and economic activity consolidated for each country in which they operate. The resulting public Country-by-Country Reports (CbCRs) of banks provide an unprecedented data source to study banks’ use of tax havens and their effective tax rates worldwide.

Barake (2022), Aliprandi et al. (2021) and Barake (2020) collected these CbCRs for 36 multinational banks headquartered in 11 EU countries and operating in up to 90 jurisdictions worldwide. The dataset covers the period 2014 – 2020 and includes, for each bank: the turnover, the number of employees, the profit or loss before tax, tax on profit or loss, and public subsidies received.