Offshore ownership of real estate
What do we know?
Public Repository
To widen access to knowledge, the EU Tax Observatory maintains a public repository of data and research on tax avoidance and evasion in Europe. We continuously update the content to provide an overview of the current state of empirical research.
Recent estimates of tax avoidance and offshore wealth
Explore recent estimates of the scale of tax avoidance, tax evasion and offshore wealth. Compare estimates across countries, download figures and underlying data or learn more about the methodological approaches used by different researchers.
Data sources
In the data sources section you find a collection of original data on multinational enterprises‘ tax payments, profits and activity, cross border wealth, and tax rates and rankings which researchers have used in their work.
The Public Country-by-Country Reports Explorer
Discover our Public Country-by-Country Reports database, allowing to visualise how much multinationals earn and pay in taxes in countries of…
Banks' country-by-country reporting
Explore the micro dataset of systemic EU banks
Multinational enterprises' profits and activity
An overview of macro and micro data
Cross-border wealth
What can we learn from public and non-public data sources?
Tax rates and rankings
How to define a low-tax country?
The Tax Observatory's literature summaries
In this section, you find summaries of recent empirical research on corporate tax avoidance and tax evasion by individuals. Our selection covers reports, working papers and peer-reviewed articles which analyse the scale and channels of tax avoidance and evasion, evaluate the effectiveness of countermeasures or assess new policy proposals.
Who owns offshore real estate? Evidence from Dubai cross-border real estate investments
Research by Alstadsæter, Planterose, Zucman & Økland 2022
Hidden in plain sight: Offshore ownership of Norwegian real estate
Research by Alstadsæter and Økland 2022
The role of anonymous property owners in the German real estate market: First results of a systematic data analysis
Research by Miethe, Trautvetter, and Peichl 2022
Homes incorporated: Offshore ownership of real estate in the U.K.
Research by Johannesen, Miethe & Weishaar 2022
Straw purchase or safe haven? The hidden perils of illicit wealth in property markets
Research by Agarwal, Chia and Sing 2021
Will we ever be able to track offshore wealth? Evidence from the offshore real estate market in the UK
Research by Bomare & Le Guern Herry 2022
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